I'm using a carbine buffer (2.95 oz.). I agree with you about the multitude of potential problems. As an analyst, I've always practiced eliminating the easiest potential causes first when there is no obvious primary cause. The BCG is a brand new MPI that functions perfectly with higher pressure 62 grain 5.56x45 rounds. I'm reluctant to just swap out the BCG because a new one could have the same problem. The problem only occurs when I use .223 Remington. I've already tried several brands of quality 223 in 55 grain. That doesn't impact performance, they all fail. The magazines are brand new HexMags that work flawlessly.
Magtec makes a 62 grain 5.56x45 without a steel core that is affordable, so I'm not dead in the water. It's just that 55 grain .223 is easier to find, and typically more affordable. I'm also thinking if trying to load up some hot loads in .223 to see how that works.
Having never owned a brand new AR before, I can't help but wonder if this might also be a break in issue. I have 500 rounds of 62 grain 5.56x45 that will cycle just fine. I'm content with shooting those exclusively this summer and trying the .223 again in the fall.
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I agree 100% with your strategy on simplest first. experimenting with buffers would be a good option.
You mentioned that your gun is a pistol, what barrel/gas length?