20" if this will be a hunting gun that you will carry through the bush.
24" better suited for bench/competition shooting out to 1200 yds. The 4" longer barrel will give you a little more muzzle velocity about 100fps and may extend your effective range before hitting the transonic zone by 30yds depending on the load.
pretty much what toolaa said above. longer bbl never hurts in long range shooting. so unless you have size or weight constraints, go long to get a little more FPS which will give you a little more cushion for wind calls and unknown distance targets.
also, it's been a while since i bought 308 but thought 1-10 was the best twist for heavier bullets used in long distance shooting.
If it ups it 100FPS that should extend the range by more than 30yds before hitting transonic. It would depend heavily on the bullet, but I'd think you'd be looking at more like 100-150yds with an extra 100FPS for higher ballistic coefficient bullets.