Where Power is Likely to Go Out in a Solar Storm

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  • Doco Overboard

    Ultimate Member
    I'm obviously no electrical engineer, but if the voltage and current suddenly go up to twice rated capacity, isn't there an overcurrent/overvoltage device that will trip to protect the transformers?

    Yes the sf6 switches or substation transformer fuses would melt out.
    Thing is once that happens with fuses, they have to be closed manually but once that happens you have to isolate the feeders from the buss and then pick up the load through the breakers or disconnects one at a time which takes time ie walk the line out and visually inspect, get a target for trouble location where the fault current developed , do LOTO etc.

    The other thing is if over current develops on the distribution side of a system, the breakers isolate the load from the substation transformer to protect the coils and LTC inside of it if it has one, if the high side fuses blow or melt out the HV or transmission lines them selves feeding the sub can absorb high amounts of induced pressure (volts) because theirs no current on them that is fed into the transformer.
    Length diameter and type of construction and material is what someone was asking about earlier. Thats ampacity. You can place 40,000 volts on a piece of wire the diameter of a hair but it would have to be flow and current otherwise known as amps to melt it.
    The biggest danger to electrical systems right now is terrorism, storms or component failure.
    Electricity as whole is a theory not a science.
     

    lazarus

    Ultimate Member
    Jun 23, 2015
    13,726
    For normal conditions and rate of change yes, but not for the once in 500 year event changes. That stuff protects the equipment in thunderstorms and when other equipment or lines fail. In a Carrington-like even it could happen too fast to trip or have sufficient voltage to arc over the breaker gap as it trips or even after; or both.

    ETA: there are some cool videos of safetys working correctly - and others of them failing if you search on YT

    Some of it would work fine. It’s Quasi-DC current that a CME or geomagnetic storm generates. For the really high induced voltages though it’ll force current to ground through the body of the transformer as it isn’t a traditional over voltage condition.

    It also forces generators to work extra hard because its fighting the positive voltage and unloading the negative voltage.

    Pretty easy to damage generators also. And they have to work much harder.

    Best way is simply pull everything from the grid and open every breaker. But you’ll still have some damage from a regular strong G5 storm. From a carrington event if you know it is coming, so the same, you’ll just have a lot more damage you cannot avoid. Hope you can rebuild what is destroyed (and worst case is you may even damage some of the transmission lines themselves).
     

    pbharvey

    Habitual Testifier
    MDS Supporter
    Dec 27, 2012
    30,191

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    Alan3413

    Ultimate Member
    Mar 4, 2013
    17,110
    Don't worry. Nothing's going to happen. I just did my bi-annual oil change on the Genny yesterday. Drained and refilled the tank and did a test run.

    The gods of electricity have been appeased.
     

    Mark75H

    MD Wear&Carry Instructor
    Industry Partner
    MDS Supporter
    Sep 25, 2011
    17,243
    Outside the Gates

    A CME expected to hit Earth on Oct. 11th is running late. As a result, NOAA forecasters have shifted their prediction of a possible G2-class geomagnetic storm from Oct. 11th to Oct. 12th. G2-class storms are moderately strong, and can produce naked-eye auroras in northern-tier US states.

    Always too much hype.

    A G-2 is just Northern Lights in Maine and Michigan if you can find a dark sky to look north.
     

    Mark75H

    MD Wear&Carry Instructor
    Industry Partner
    MDS Supporter
    Sep 25, 2011
    17,243
    Outside the Gates
    What….did it run into a traffic jam? “Running late”? Guess I’ll see ya when I see ya!

    Spaceweather is about as unpredictable as earthbound weather. Very often the speed that junk from the sun appears to be traveling isn't accurate and direct hits are even harder to predict. Very often what is first estimated to be a direct hit is simply a glancing blow to the magnetic field; a wake from a rowboat instead of a tidal wave. You would see it if you were looking but miss it if you weren't looking at the right time.

    Hams keep an eye on spaceweather to know when to expect blackouts or increased propagation.
     

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