Youngest shot her air rifle in the Bsmt for years before getting a SCATT system. Electrician putty does a great job stopping pellets. Target box held the USAS air rifle target in front of a piece of Masonite and worked very well.
Years ago, I made a Duct-Seal pellet trap like yours. But, instead of the plain masonite, I bought a couple clip-boards, then cut out the center leaving a frame to hold the targets. I routed a groove on each side of the box to drop the clip-boards down and hold them in place.
Mine came out looking like a double-wide version of this:
JoeR